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Vespa Paul

Title(s)Professor, Neurology
Phone(310) 267-9448
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    Other Positions
    Title(s)Professor, Neurosurgery

    Title(s)Director, Neurocritical Care


    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    The Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx)
    NIH/NINDS U54NS100064Jan 15, 2017 - Nov 30, 2021
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    MRS Detects Metabolic Dysfunction after Brain Injury
    NIH/NINDS R01NS049471Jan 10, 2006 - Dec 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Post Traumatic Nonconvulsive Epileptiform Activity
    NIH/NINDS K08NS002089Sep 6, 2001 - Aug 31, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Khatibi K, Szeder V, Blanco MB, Tateshima S, Jahan R, Duckwiler G, Vespa P. Role of Bedside Multimodality Monitoring in the Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2020; 127:141-144. PMID: 31407074.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Hawryluk GWJ, Aguilera S, Buki A, Bulger E, Citerio G, Cooper DJ, Arrastia RD, Diringer M, Figaji A, Gao G, Geocadin R, Ghajar J, Harris O, Hoffer A, Hutchinson P, Joseph M, Kitagawa R, Manley G, Mayer S, Menon DK, Meyfroidt G, Michael DB, Oddo M, Okonkwo D, Patel M, Robertson C, Rosenfeld JV, Rubiano AM, Sahuquillo J, Servadei F, Shutter L, Stein D, Stocchetti N, Taccone FS, Timmons S, Tsai E, Ullman JS, Vespa P, Videtta W, Wright DW, Zammit C, Chesnut RM. A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC). Intensive Care Med. 2019 Oct 28. PMID: 31659383.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Garner R, La Rocca M, Vespa P, Jones N, Monti MM, Toga AW, Duncan D. Imaging biomarkers of posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Epilepsia. 2019 Oct 08. PMID: 31595501.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Liu X, Zimmermann L, Vespa P, Hu X. Response to Letter to the Editor: Evaluation of a New Catheter for Simultaneous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage: A Pilot Study. Neurocrit Care. 2019 Aug; 31(1):227-228. PMID: 31172401.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Divani AA, Liu X, Di Napoli M, Lattanzi S, Ziai W, James ML, Jafarli A, Jafari M, Saver JL, Hemphill JC, Vespa PM, Mayer SA, Petersen A. Blood Pressure Variability Predicts Poor In-Hospital Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke. 2019 Aug; 50(8):2023-2029. PMID: 31216966.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Wilson MR, Sample HA, Zorn KC, Arevalo S, Yu G, Neuhaus J, Federman S, Stryke D, Briggs B, Langelier C, Berger A, Douglas V, Josephson SA, Chow FC, Fulton BD, DeRisi JL, Gelfand JM, Naccache SN, Bender J, Dien Bard J, Murkey J, Carlson M, Vespa PM, Vijayan T, Allyn PR, Campeau S, Humphries RM, Klausner JD, Ganzon CD, Memar F, Ocampo NA, Zimmermann LL, Cohen SH, Polage CR, DeBiasi RL, Haller B, Dallas R, Maron G, Hayden R, Messacar K, Dominguez SR, Miller S, Chiu CY. Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing for Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis. N Engl J Med. 2019 06 13; 380(24):2327-2340. PMID: 31189036.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Nelson LD, Temkin NR, Dikmen S, Barber J, Giacino JT, Yuh E, Levin HS, McCrea MA, Stein MB, Mukherjee P, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Noel F, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Robertson CS, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Taylor S, Toga A, Valadka A, Vassar MJ, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue JK, Zafonte R. Recovery After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Presenting to US Level I Trauma Centers: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Study. JAMA Neurol. 2019 Jun 03. PMID: 31157856.
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    8. Prada G, Vespa PM. Critical Care Ultrasound Should Not Be a Priority First-Line Assessment Tool in the Management of Neurocritically Ill Patients. Crit Care Med. 2019 Jun; 47(6):837-839. PMID: 30889021.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Liu X, Zimmermann LL, Ho N, Vespa P, Liao X, Hu X. Evaluation of a New Catheter for Simultaneous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage: A Pilot Study. Neurocrit Care. 2019 06; 30(3):617-625. PMID: 30511345.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Liu X, Zimmermann LL, Ho N, Vespa P, Liao X, Hu X. Cerebral Vascular Changes During Acute Intracranial Pressure Drop. Neurocrit Care. 2019 06; 30(3):635-644. PMID: 30523541.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Ziai WC, McBee N, Lane K, Lees KR, Dawson J, Vespa P, Thompson RE, Mendelow AD, Kase CS, Carhuapoma JR, Thompson CB, Mayo SW, Reilly P, Janis S, Anderson CS, Harrigan MR, Camarata PJ, Caron JL, Zuccarello M, Awad IA, Hanley DF. A randomized 500-subject open-label phase 3 clinical trial of minimally invasive surgery plus alteplase in intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III). Int J Stroke. 2019 07; 14(5):548-554. PMID: 30943878.
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    12. Allen B, Vespa PM. Antiseizure medications in critical care: an update. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2019 Apr; 25(2):117-125. PMID: 30855319.
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    13. Stein MB, Jain S, Giacino JT, Levin H, Dikmen S, Nelson LD, Vassar MJ, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Robertson CS, Mukherjee P, McCrea M, Mac Donald CL, Yue JK, Yuh E, Sun X, Campbell-Sills L, Temkin N, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dikmen S, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Giacino JT, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Levin H, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, McCrea M, Merchant R, Mukherjee P, Nelson LD, Noel F, Okonkwo DO, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Robertson CS, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Stein MB, Taylor S, Toga A, Temkin N, Valadka A, Vassar MJ, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue JK, Yuh E, Zafonte R. Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression in Civilian Patients After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019 Mar 01; 76(3):249-258. PMID: 30698636.
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    14. Ellingson BM, Yao J, Raymond C, Chakhoyan A, Khatibi K, Salamon N, Villablanca JP, Wanner I, Real CR, Laiwalla A, McArthur DL, Monti MM, Hovda DA, Vespa PM. pH-weighted molecular MRI in human traumatic brain injury (TBI) using amine proton chemical exchange saturation transfer echoplanar imaging (CEST EPI). Neuroimage Clin. 2019; 22:101736. PMID: 30826686.
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    15. Hanley DF, Thompson RE, Rosenblum M, Yenokyan G, Lane K, McBee N, Mayo SW, Bistran-Hall AJ, Gandhi D, Mould WA, Ullman N, Ali H, Carhuapoma JR, Kase CS, Lees KR, Dawson J, Wilson A, Betz JF, Sugar EA, Hao Y, Avadhani R, Caron JL, Harrigan MR, Carlson AP, Bulters D, LeDoux D, Huang J, Cobb C, Gupta G, Kitagawa R, Chicoine MR, Patel H, Dodd R, Camarata PJ, Wolfe S, Stadnik A, Money PL, Mitchell P, Sarabia R, Harnof S, Barzo P, Unterberg A, Teitelbaum JS, Wang W, Anderson CS, Mendelow AD, Gregson B, Janis S, Vespa P, Ziai W, Zuccarello M, Awad IA. Efficacy and safety of minimally invasive surgery with thrombolysis in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE III): a randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019 Mar 09; 393(10175):1021-1032. PMID: 30739747.
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    16. Hamilton RB, Scalzo F, Baldwin K, Dorn A, Vespa P, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Opposing CSF hydrodynamic trends found in the cerebral aqueduct and prepontine cistern following shunt treatment in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2019 Jan 22; 16(1):2. PMID: 30665428.
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    17. Oddo M, Vespa P, Menon DK. Boosting the injured brain with supplemental energy fuels. Intensive Care Med. 2019 06; 45(6):872-875. PMID: 30637446.
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    18. Duncan D, Barisano G, Cabeen R, Sepehrband F, Garner R, Braimah A, Vespa P, Pitkänen A, Law M, Toga AW. Analytic Tools for Post-traumatic Epileptogenesis Biomarker Search in Multimodal Dataset of an Animal Model and Human Patients. Front Neuroinform. 2018; 12:86. PMID: 30618695.
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    19. Nuwer MR, Vespa PM. Neurocritical Care Coding for Neurologists. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2018 12; 24(6):1800-1809. PMID: 30516608.
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    20. Wolahan SM, Lebby E, Mao HC, McArthur D, Real C, Vespa P, Braas D, Glenn TC. Novel Metabolomic Comparison of Arterial and Jugular Venous Blood in Severe Adult Traumatic Brain Injury Patients and the Impact of Pentobarbital Infusion. J Neurotrauma. 2019 Jan 15; 36(2):212-221. PMID: 29901425.
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    21. Vespa PM, Shrestha V, Abend N, Agoston D, Au A, Bell MJ, Bleck TP, Blanco MB, Claassen J, Diaz-Arrastia R, Duncan D, Ellingson B, Foreman B, Gilmore EJ, Hirsch L, Hunn M, Kamnaksh A, McArthur D, Morokoff A, O'Brien T, O'Phelan K, Robertson CL, Rosenthal E, Staba R, Toga A, Willyerd FA, Zimmermann L, Yam E, Martinez S, Real C, Engel J. The epilepsy bioinformatics study for anti-epileptogenic therapy (EpiBioS4Rx) clinical biomarker: Study design and protocol. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 03; 123:110-114. PMID: 30048805.
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    22. Schnakers C, Lutkenhoff ES, Bio BJ, McArthur DL, Vespa PM, Monti MM. Acute EEG spectra characteristics predict thalamic atrophy after severe TBI. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019 May; 90(5):617-619. PMID: 29954872.
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    23. Dell'Italia J, Johnson MA, Vespa PM, Monti MM. Network Analysis in Disorders of Consciousness: Four Problems and One Proposed Solution (Exponential Random Graph Models). Front Neurol. 2018; 9:439. PMID: 29946293.
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    24. Cohen AS, Izzy S, Kumar MA, Joyce CJ, Figueroa SA, Maas MB, Hall CE, McDonagh DL, Lerner DP, Vespa PM, Shutter LA, Rosenthal ES. Education Research: Variation in priorities for neurocritical care education expressed across role groups. Neurology. 2018 06 12; 90(24):1117-1122. PMID: 29891575.
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    25. Tubi MA, Lutkenhoff E, Blanco MB, McArthur D, Villablanca P, Ellingson B, Diaz-Arrastia R, Van Ness P, Real C, Shrestha V, Engel J, Vespa PM. Early seizures and temporal lobe trauma predict post-traumatic epilepsy: A longitudinal study. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 03; 123:115-121. PMID: 29859872.
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    26. Duncan D, Vespa P, Pitkänen A, Braimah A, Lapinlampi N, Toga AW. Big data sharing and analysis to advance research in post-traumatic epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis. 2019 03; 123:127-136. PMID: 29864492.
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    27. Ausman JI, Liebeskind DS, Gonzalez N, Saver J, Martin N, Villablanca JP, Vespa P, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Niu T, Salamon N, Yoo B, Tateshima S, Buitrago Blanco MM, Starkman S. A review of the diagnosis and management of vertebral basilar (posterior) circulation disease. Surg Neurol Int. 2018; 9:106. PMID: 29930872.
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    28. Seabury SA, Gaudette É, Goldman DP, Markowitz AJ, Brooks J, McCrea MA, Okonkwo DO, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dikmen S, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Giacino J, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Levin H, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Mukherjee P, Nelson L, Noel F, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Robertson C, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Sherer M, Stein M, Taylor S, Temkin N, Toga A, Valadka A, Vassar M, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue J, Yuh E, Zafonte R. Assessment of Follow-up Care After Emergency Department Presentation for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion: Results From the TRACK-TBI Study. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 05 18; 1(1):e180210. PMID: 30646055.
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    29. Han X, Kwitt R, Aylward S, Bakas S, Menze B, Asturias A, Vespa P, Van Horn J, Niethammer M. Brain extraction from normal and pathological images: A joint PCA/Image-Reconstruction approach. Neuroimage. 2018 08 01; 176:431-445. PMID: 29730494.
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    30. Irimia A, Van Horn JD, Vespa PM. Cerebral microhemorrhages due to traumatic brain injury and their effects on the aging human brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2018 06; 66:158-164. PMID: 29579686.
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    31. Shi ZS, Duckwiler GR, Jahan R, Tateshima S, Szeder V, Saver JL, Kim D, Sharma LK, Vespa PM, Salamon N, Villablanca JP, Viñuela F, Feng L, Loh Y, Liebeskind DS. Early Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimaging. 2018 05; 28(3):283-288. PMID: 29484769.
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    32. Duncan D, Vespa P, Toga AW. DETECTING FEATURES OF EPILEPTOGENESIS IN EEG AFTER TBI USING UNSUPERVISED DIFFUSION COMPONENT ANALYSIS. Discrete Continuous Dyn Syst Ser B. 2018 Jan; 23(1):161-172. PMID: 30369835.
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    33. Vespa P. Traumatic brain injury is a longitudinal disease process. Curr Opin Neurol. 2017 12; 30(6):563-564. PMID: 29095717.
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    34. Irimia A, Goh SM, Wade AC, Patel K, Vespa PM, Van Horn JD. Traumatic Brain Injury Severity, Neuropathophysiology, and Clinical Outcome: Insights from Multimodal Neuroimaging. Front Neurol. 2017; 8:530. PMID: 29051745.
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    35. Chiu CY, Coffey LL, Murkey J, Symmes K, Sample HA, Wilson MR, Naccache SN, Arevalo S, Somasekar S, Federman S, Stryke D, Vespa P, Schiller G, Messenger S, Humphries R, Miller S, Klausner JD. Diagnosis of Fatal Human Case of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus Infection by Metagenomic Sequencing, California, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 10; 23(10):1964-1968. PMID: 28930022.
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    36. Halford J, Shen S, Itamura K, Levine J, Chong AC, Czerwieniec G, Glenn TC, Hovda DA, Vespa P, Bullock R, Dietrich WD, Mondello S, Loo JA, Wanner IB. New astroglial injury-defined biomarkers for neurotrauma assessment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017 Oct; 37(10):3278-3299. PMID: 28816095.
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    37. Crone JS, Bio BJ, Vespa PM, Lutkenhoff ES, Monti MM. Restoration of thalamo-cortical connectivity after brain injury: recovery of consciousness, complex behavior, or passage of time? J Neurosci Res. 2018 04; 96(4):671-687. PMID: 28801920.
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    38. Vespa PM, Ferro J, Josephson SA. Inpatient quality metrics in neurology: A grand challenge. Neurology. 2017 08 15; 89(7):646-649. PMID: 28733337.
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    39. Josephson SA, Ferro J, Cohen A, Webb A, Lee E, Vespa PM. Quality improvement in neurology: Inpatient and emergency care quality measure set: Executive summary. Neurology. 2017 08 15; 89(7):730-735. PMID: 28733339.
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    40. Mannino C, Glenn TC, Hovda DA, Vespa PM, McArthur DL, Van Horn JD, Wright MJ. Acute glucose and lactate metabolism are associated with cognitive recovery following traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res. 2018 04; 96(4):696-701. PMID: 28609544.
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    41. Murkey JA, Chew KW, Carlson M, Shannon CL, Sirohi D, Sample HA, Wilson MR, Vespa P, Humphries RM, Miller S, Klausner JD, Chiu CY. Hepatitis E Virus-Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Lung Transplant Recipient Diagnosed by Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017; 4(3):ofx121. PMID: 28721353.
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    42. Van Horn JD, Irimia A, Torgerson CM, Bhattrai A, Jacokes Z, Vespa PM. Mild cognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities in a sexagenarian with a history of childhood traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res. 2018 04; 96(4):652-660. PMID: 28543689.
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    43. Wolahan SM, Mao HC, Real C, Vespa PM, Glenn TC. Lactate supplementation in severe traumatic brain injured adults by primed constant infusion of sodium L-lactate. J Neurosci Res. 2018 04; 96(4):688-695. PMID: 28543565.
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    44. Wolahan SM, Prins ML, McArthur DL, Real CR, Hovda DA, Martin NA, Vespa PM, Glenn TC. Influence of Glycemic Control on Endogenous Circulating Ketone Concentrations in Adults Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care. 2017 04; 26(2):239-246. PMID: 27761730.
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    45. Muschelli J, Sweeney EM, Ullman NL, Vespa P, Hanley DF, Crainiceanu CM. PItcHPERFeCT: Primary Intracranial Hemorrhage Probability Estimation using Random Forests on CT. Neuroimage Clin. 2017; 14:379-390. PMID: 28275541.
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    46. Hanley DF, Lane K, McBee N, Ziai W, Tuhrim S, Lees KR, Dawson J, Gandhi D, Ullman N, Mould WA, Mayo SW, Mendelow AD, Gregson B, Butcher K, Vespa P, Wright DW, Kase CS, Carhuapoma JR, Keyl PM, Diener-West M, Muschelli J, Betz JF, Thompson CB, Sugar EA, Yenokyan G, Janis S, John S, Harnof S, Lopez GA, Aldrich EF, Harrigan MR, Ansari S, Jallo J, Caron JL, LeDoux D, Adeoye O, Zuccarello M, Adams HP, Rosenblum M, Thompson RE, Awad IA. Thrombolytic removal of intraventricular haemorrhage in treatment of severe stroke: results of the randomised, multicentre, multiregion, placebo-controlled CLEAR III trial. Lancet. 2017 02 11; 389(10069):603-611. PMID: 28081952.
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    47. Lou X, Yu S, Scalzo F, Starkman S, Ali LK, Kim D, Rao NM, Hinman JD, Vespa PM, Jahan R, Tateshima S, Gonzalez NR, Duckwiler GR, Saver JL, Yoo B, Salamon N, Lyu J, Ma L, Wang DJ, Liebeskind DS. Multi-delay ASL can identify leptomeningeal collateral perfusion in endovascular therapy of ischemic stroke. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 10; 8(2):2437-2443. PMID: 27974692.
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    48. Hanley DF, Thompson RE, Muschelli J, Rosenblum M, McBee N, Lane K, Bistran-Hall AJ, Mayo SW, Keyl P, Gandhi D, Morgan TC, Ullman N, Mould WA, Carhuapoma JR, Kase C, Ziai W, Thompson CB, Yenokyan G, Huang E, Broaddus WC, Graham RS, Aldrich EF, Dodd R, Wijman C, Caron JL, Huang J, Camarata P, Mendelow AD, Gregson B, Janis S, Vespa P, Martin N, Awad I, Zuccarello M. Safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery plus alteplase in intracerebral haemorrhage evacuation (MISTIE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Nov; 15(12):1228-1237. PMID: 27751554.
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    49. Vespa P, Hanley D, Betz J, Hoffer A, Engh J, Carter R, Nakaji P, Ogilvy C, Jallo J, Selman W, Bistran-Hall A, Lane K, McBee N, Saver J, Thompson RE, Martin N. ICES (Intraoperative Stereotactic Computed Tomography-Guided Endoscopic Surgery) for Brain Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke. 2016 11; 47(11):2749-2755. PMID: 27758940.
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    50. Wang B, Prastawa M, Irimia A, Saha A, Liu W, Goh SY, Vespa PM, Van Horn JD, Gerig G. Modeling 4D Pathological Changes by Leveraging Normative Models. Comput Vis Image Underst. 2016 10; 151:3-13. PMID: 27818606.
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    51. Vespa PM, Hirt D, Manley GT. Advances in Neurotrauma Research. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2016 Oct; 27(4):xv-xvi. PMID: 27637404.
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    52. Zimmermann LL, Diaz-Arrastia R, Vespa PM. Seizures and the Role of Anticonvulsants After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2016 Oct; 27(4):499-508. PMID: 27637399.
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    53. Buitrago Blanco MM, Prashant GN, Vespa PM. Cerebral Metabolism and the Role of Glucose Control in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2016 Oct; 27(4):453-63. PMID: 27637395.
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    54. Ali LK, Weng JK, Starkman S, Saver JL, Kim D, Ovbiagele B, Buck BH, Sanossian N, Vespa P, Bang OY, Jahan R, Duckwiler GR, Viñuela F, Liebeskind DS. Heads Up! A Novel Provocative Maneuver to Guide Acute Ischemic Stroke Management. Interv Neurol. 2017 Mar; 6(1-2):8-15. PMID: 28611828.
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    55. Monti MM, Schnakers C, Korb AS, Bystritsky A, Vespa PM. Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Thalamic Stimulation in Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Brain Injury: A First-in-Man Report. Brain Stimul. 2016 Nov - Dec; 9(6):940-941. PMID: 27567470.
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    56. Martin RM, Wright MJ, Lutkenhoff ES, Ellingson BM, Van Horn JD, Tubi M, Alger JR, McArthur DL, Vespa PM. Traumatic hemorrhagic brain injury: impact of location and resorption on cognitive outcome. J Neurosurg. 2017 Mar; 126(3):796-804. PMID: 27231979.
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    57. Vespa PM. Brain Hypoxia and Ischemia After Traumatic Brain Injury: Is Oxygen the Right Metabolic Target? JAMA Neurol. 2016 05 01; 73(5):504-5. PMID: 27019352.
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    58. Vespa P, Tubi M, Claassen J, Buitrago-Blanco M, McArthur D, Velazquez AG, Tu B, Prins M, Nuwer M. Metabolic crisis occurs with seizures and periodic discharges after brain trauma. Ann Neurol. 2016 Apr; 79(4):579-90. PMID: 26814699.
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    59. Bai Y, Sow D, Vespa P, Hu X. Real-Time Processing of Continuous Physiological Signals in a Neurocritical Care Unit on a Stream Data Analytics Platform. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016; 122:75-80. PMID: 27165881.
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    60. Connolly M, Vespa P, Hu X. Characterization of Cerebral Vascular Response to EEG Bursts Using ICP Pulse Waveform Template Matching. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016; 122:291-4. PMID: 27165924.
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    61. Hamilton R, Fuller J, Baldwin K, Vespa P, Hu X, Bergsneider M. Relative Position of the Third Characteristic Peak of the Intracranial Pressure Pulse Waveform Morphology Differentiates Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Shunt Responders and Nonresponders. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016; 122:339-45. PMID: 27165933.
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    62. Connolly M, Liou R, Vespa P, Hu X. Identification of an Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Response Function from Continuously Acquired Electroencephalographic and ICP Signals in Burst-Suppressed Patients. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016; 122:225-8. PMID: 27165911.
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    63. Wong KP, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Kepe V, Barrio JR, Hovda DA, Vespa PM, Huang SC. A semi-automated workflow solution for multimodal neuroimaging: application to patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inform. 2016; 3:1-15. PMID: 27034916.
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    64. Wong KP, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Kepe V, Barrio JR, Hovda DA, Vespa PM, Huang SC. A semi-automated workflow solution for multimodal neuroimaging: application to patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inform. 2016 Mar; 3(1):1-15. PMID: 27747595.
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    65. Shi ZS, Duckwiler GR, Jahan R, Tateshima S, Gonzalez NR, Szeder V, Saver JL, Kim D, Ali LK, Starkman S, Vespa PM, Salamon N, Villablanca JP, Viñuela F, Feng L, Loh Y, Liebeskind DS. New Cerebral Microbleeds After Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large-Vessel Occlusion Strokes. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Nov; 94(47):e2180. PMID: 26632753.
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    66. Muschelli J, Ullman NL, Sweeney EM, Eloyan A, Martin N, Vespa P, Hanley DF, Crainiceanu CM. Quantitative Intracerebral Hemorrhage Localization. Stroke. 2015 Nov; 46(11):3270-3. PMID: 26451031.
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    67. Nuwer MR, Vespa PM. Critical Care Coding for Neurologists. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2015 Oct; 21(5 Neurocritical Care):1455-60. PMID: 26426242.
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    148. Asgari S, Bergsneider M, Hamilton R, Vespa P, Hu X. Consistent changes in intracranial pressure waveform morphology induced by acute hypercapnic cerebral vasodilatation. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Aug; 15(1):55-62. PMID: 21052864.
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    149. Marder VJ, Blinc A, Gruber T, Tratar G, Sabovic M, Starkman S, Jahan R, Duckwiler G, Vinuela F, Tateshima S, Liebeskind D, Ovbiagele B, Ali L, Kim D, Gonzalez N, Vespa PM, Saver JL. Comparison of plasmin with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in lysis of cerebral thromboemboli retrieved from patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2011 Aug; 42(8):2222-8. PMID: 21700944.
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    150. Niethammer M, Hart GL, Pace DF, Vespa PM, Irimia A, Van Horn JD, Aylward SR. Geometric metamorphosis. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv. 2011; 14(Pt 2):639-46. PMID: 21995083.
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    151. Kim S, Hu X, McArthur D, Hamilton R, Bergsneider M, Glenn T, Martin N, Vespa P. Inter-subject correlation exists between morphological metrics of cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure pulses. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Apr; 14(2):229-37. PMID: 21136207.
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    152. Loh Y, Liebeskind DS, Towfighi A, Vespa P, Starkman S, Saver JL, Gonzalez NR, Tateshima S, Jahan R, Shi ZS, Viñuela F, Duckwiler GR. Preprocedural basal ganglionic infarction increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation but not worse outcome following successful recanalization of acute middle cerebral artery occlusions. World Neurosurg. 2010 Dec; 74(6):636-40. PMID: 21492632.
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    153. Kim S, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Vespa P, Martin N, Hu X. Noninvasive intracranial pressure assessment based on a data-mining approach using a nonlinear mapping function. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2012 Mar; 59(3):619-26. PMID: 21097375.
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    154. Shi ZS, Liebeskind DS, Loh Y, Saver JL, Starkman S, Vespa PM, Gonzalez NR, Tateshima S, Jahan R, Feng L, Miller C, Ali LK, Ovbiagele B, Kim D, Duckwiler GR, Viñuela F. Predictors of subarachnoid hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke with endovascular therapy. Stroke. 2010 Dec; 41(12):2775-81. PMID: 21051673.
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    155. Lee SJ, Saver JL, Liebeskind DS, Ali L, Ovbiagele B, Kim D, Vespa P, Froehler M, Tenser M, Gadhia J, Starkman S. Safety of intravenous fibrinolysis in imaging-confirmed single penetrator artery infarcts. Stroke. 2010 Nov; 41(11):2587-91. PMID: 20947857.
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    156. Vespa PM, McArthur DL, Xu Y, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Dinov I, Alger J, Glenn TP, Hovda D. Nonconvulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury are associated with hippocampal atrophy. Neurology. 2010 Aug 31; 75(9):792-8. PMID: 20805525.
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    157. Wang Y, Lai F, Vespa P. Enabling technologies facilitate new healthcare delivery models for acute stroke. Stroke. 2010 Jun; 41(6):1076-8. PMID: 20498451.
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    158. Hu X, Xu P, Asgari S, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Forecasting ICP elevation based on prescient changes of intracranial pressure waveform morphology. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010 May; 57(5):1070-8. PMID: 20659820.
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    159. Yin NS, Benavides S, Starkman S, Liebeskind DS, Saver JA, Salamon N, Jahan R, Duckwiler GR, Tateshima S, Vinuela F, Vespa PM, Chute DJ, Vinters HV. Autopsy findings after intracranial thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a clinicopathologic study of 5 patients. Stroke. 2010 May; 41(5):938-47. PMID: 20360544.
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    160. Hu X, Glenn T, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Sarkiss C, Martin N, Vespa P. Intracranial pressure pulse morphological features improved detection of decreased cerebral blood flow. Physiol Meas. 2010 May; 31(5):679-95. PMID: 20348611.
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    161. Vespa PM. Blood pressure after intracerebral hemorrhage: lower may not be safer. Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb; 38(2):731-2. PMID: 20083952.
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    162. Wenger NS, Vespa PM. Ethical issues in patient-physician communication about therapy for cancer: professional responsibilities of the oncologist. Oncologist. 2010; 15 Suppl 1:43-8. PMID: 20237217.
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    163. Xu Y, McArthur DL, Alger JR, Etchepare M, Hovda DA, Glenn TC, Huang S, Dinov I, Vespa PM. Early nonischemic oxidative metabolic dysfunction leads to chronic brain atrophy in traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010 Apr; 30(4):883-94. PMID: 20029449.
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    164. Loh Y, Towfighi A, Liebeskind DS, MacArthur DL, Vespa P, Gonzalez NR, Tateshima S, Starkman S, Saver JL, Shi ZS, Jahan R, Viñuela F, Duckwiler GR. Basal ganglionic infarction before mechanical thrombectomy predicts poor outcome. Stroke. 2009 Oct; 40(10):3315-20. PMID: 19661477.
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    165. Vespa P. Nonconvulsive seizures in sepsis: what you can't see may hurt you. Crit Care Med. 2009 Jun; 37(6):2132-3. PMID: 19448474.
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    166. Vespa PM. Metabolic penumbra in intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2009 May; 40(5):1547-8. PMID: 19286575.
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    167. Hamilton R, Xu P, Asgari S, Kasprowicz M, Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hu X. Forecasting intracranial pressure elevation using pulse waveform morphology. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009; 2009:4331-4. PMID: 19963821.
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    168. Alger JR, Schaewe TJ, Lai TC, Frew AJ, Vespa PM, Etchepare M, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL, Kidwell SC. Contrast agent dose effects in cerebral dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Jan; 29(1):52-64. PMID: 19097106.
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    169. Hu X, Xu P, Scalzo F, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Morphological clustering and analysis of continuous intracranial pressure. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009 Mar; 56(3):696-705. PMID: 19272879.
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    170. Lee DJ, Moftakhar P, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Martin NA. Intra-arterial calcium channel blocker infusion for treatment of severe vasospasm in traumatic brain injury: case report. Neurosurgery. 2008 Nov; 63(5):E1004-6; discussion E1006. PMID: 19005366.
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    171. Marcoux J, McArthur DA, Miller C, Glenn TC, Villablanca P, Martin NA, Hovda DA, Alger JR, Vespa PM. Persistent metabolic crisis as measured by elevated cerebral microdialysis lactate-pyruvate ratio predicts chronic frontal lobe brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct; 36(10):2871-7. PMID: 18766106.
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    172. Miller CM, Vespa PM. Concurrent neurocysticercosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Neurocrit Care. 2009; 10(3):344-6. PMID: 18810665.
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    173. Vespa PM. Intensive glycemic control in traumatic brain injury: what is the ideal glucose range? Crit Care. 2008; 12(5):175. PMID: 18771578.
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    174. Carmichael ST, Vespa PM, Saver JL, Coppola G, Geschwind DH, Starkman S, Miller CM, Kidwell CS, Liebeskind DS, Martin NA. Genomic profiles of damage and protection in human intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008 Nov; 28(11):1860-75. PMID: 18628781.
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    175. Burgess RE, Warach S, Schaewe TJ, Copenhaver BR, Alger JR, Vespa P, Martin N, Saver JL, Kidwell CS. Development and validation of a simple conversion model for comparison of intracerebral hemorrhage volumes measured on CT and gradient recalled echo MRI. Stroke. 2008 Jul; 39(7):2017-20. PMID: 18483414.
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    176. Miller CM, Vespa P, Saver JL, Kidwell CS, Carmichael ST, Alger J, Frazee J, Starkman S, Liebeskind D, Nenov V, Elashoff R, Martin N. Image-guided endoscopic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Surg Neurol. 2008 May; 69(5):441-6; discussion 446. PMID: 18424298.
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    177. Hu X, Xu P, Lee DJ, Vespa P, Baldwin K, Bergsneider M. An algorithm for extracting intracranial pressure latency relative to electrocardiogram R wave. Physiol Meas. 2008 Apr; 29(4):459-71. PMID: 18354246.
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    178. Vespa P. Cerebral salt wasting after traumatic brain injury: an important critical care treatment issue. Surg Neurol. 2008 Mar; 69(3):230-2. PMID: 18325425.
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    179. Bergsneider M, Miller C, Vespa PM, Hu X. Surgical management of adult hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2008 Feb; 62 Suppl 2:643-59; discussion 659-60. PMID: 18596440.
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    180. Cattivelli FS, Sayed AH, Hu X, Lee D, Vespa P. Mathematical models of cerebral hemodynamics for detection of vasospasm in major cerebral arteries. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2008; 102:63-9. PMID: 19388290.
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    181. Xu P, Scalzo F, Bergsneider M, Vespa P, Chad M, Hu X. Wavelet entropy characterization of elevated intracranial pressure. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2008; 2008:2924-7. PMID: 19163318.
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    182. Vespa PM. A breath of fresh air: the potential use for hyperoxia in traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan; 36(1):363-5. PMID: 18158462.
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    183. Vespa PM, Miller C, McArthur D, Eliseo M, Etchepare M, Hirt D, Glenn TC, Martin N, Hovda D. Nonconvulsive electrographic seizures after traumatic brain injury result in a delayed, prolonged increase in intracranial pressure and metabolic crisis. Crit Care Med. 2007 Dec; 35(12):2830-6. PMID: 18074483.
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    184. Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, Mayberg M, Morgenstern L, Ogilvy CS, Vespa P, Zuccarello M. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007 Oct 16; 116(16):e391-413. PMID: 17938297.
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    185. Hu X, Miller C, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Adaptive computation of approximate entropy and its application in integrative analysis of irregularity of heart rate variability and intracranial pressure signals. Med Eng Phys. 2008 Jun; 30(5):631-9. PMID: 17714974.
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    186. Loh Y, Vespa PM, Viñuela F. Focal meningoencephalitis and mycotic aneurysms from suspected aneurysm coil seeding. Neurology. 2007 Aug 07; 69(6):613. PMID: 17679684.
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    187. Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Characterization of interdependency between intracranial pressure and heart variability signals: a causal spectral measure and a generalized synchronization measure. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2007 Aug; 54(8):1407-17. PMID: 17694861.
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    188. Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, Mayberg M, Morgenstern L, Ogilvy CS, Vespa P, Zuccarello M. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 2007 Jun; 38(6):2001-23. PMID: 17478736.
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    189. Hebb MO, McArthur DL, Alger J, Etchepare M, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Martin N, Vespa PM. Impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography is associated with thalamic injury and predicts poor long-term outcome after human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007 Apr; 24(4):579-90. PMID: 17439342.
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    190. Shields DC, Leiphart JW, McArthur DL, Vespa PM, LeVan Quyen M, Martinerie J, Soss JR. Cortical synchrony changes detected by scalp electrode electroencephalograph as traumatic brain injury patients emerge from coma. Surg Neurol. 2007 Apr; 67(4):354-9. PMID: 17350400.
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    191. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, McArthur D, Miller C, Eliseo M, Hirt D, Glenn T, Hovda DA. Pericontusional brain tissue exhibits persistent elevation of lactate/pyruvate ratio independent of cerebral perfusion pressure. Crit Care Med. 2007 Apr; 35(4):1153-60. PMID: 17334254.
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    192. Vespa PM, Miller C, Hu X, Nenov V, Buxey F, Martin NA. Intensive care unit robotic telepresence facilitates rapid physician response to unstable patients and decreased cost in neurointensive care. Surg Neurol. 2007 Apr; 67(4):331-7. PMID: 17350395.
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    193. Hu X, Nenov V, Bergsneider M, Glenn TC, Vespa P, Martin N. Estimation of hidden state variables of the Intracranial system using constrained nonlinear Kalman filters. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2007 Apr; 54(4):597-610. PMID: 17405367.
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    194. Dusick JR, Glenn TC, Lee WN, Vespa PM, Kelly DF, Lee SM, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Increased pentose phosphate pathway flux after clinical traumatic brain injury: a [1,2-13C2]glucose labeling study in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2007 Sep; 27(9):1593-602. PMID: 17293841.
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    195. Miller CM, Vespa PM, McArthur DL, Hirt D, Etchepare M. Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of deep intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with reduced levels of extracellular cerebral glutamate and unchanged lactate pyruvate ratios. Neurocrit Care. 2007; 6(1):22-9. PMID: 17356187.
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    196. Marder VJ, Chute DJ, Starkman S, Abolian AM, Kidwell C, Liebeskind D, Ovbiagele B, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa PM, Selco S, Rajajee V, Kim D, Sanossian N, Saver JL. Analysis of thrombi retrieved from cerebral arteries of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2006 Aug; 37(8):2086-93. PMID: 16794209.
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    197. Vespa PM. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring: a measure of supply and demand. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun; 34(6):1850-2. PMID: 16715002.
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    198. Vespa PM. The implications of cerebral ischemia and metabolic dysfunction for treatment strategies in neurointensive care. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006 Apr; 12(2):119-23. PMID: 16543786.
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    199. Vespa P. The three tenors of subarachnoid hemorrhage: fever, anemia, and hyperglycemia. Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar; 34(3):897-8. PMID: 16505673.
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    200. Vespa P, Boonyaputthikul R, McArthur DL, Miller C, Etchepare M, Bergsneider M, Glenn T, Martin N, Hovda D. Intensive insulin therapy reduces microdialysis glucose values without altering glucose utilization or improving the lactate/pyruvate ratio after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2006 Mar; 34(3):850-6. PMID: 16505665.
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    201. Schrader LM, Stern JM, Wilson CL, Fields TA, Salamon N, Nuwer MR, Vespa PM, Fried I. Low frequency electrical stimulation through subdural electrodes in a case of refractory status epilepticus. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Apr; 117(4):781-8. PMID: 16458067.
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    202. Vespa P. Continuous electroencephalography for subarachnoid hemorrhage has come of age. Neurocrit Care. 2006; 4(2):99-100. PMID: 16627895.
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    203. Hemphill JC, Bleck T, Carhuapoma JR, Chang C, Diringer M, Geocadin R, Mayer S, Samuels O, Vespa P. Is neurointensive care really optional for comprehensive stroke care? Stroke. 2005 Nov; 36(11):2344-5. PMID: 16224092.
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    204. Cohan P, Wang C, McArthur DL, Cook SW, Dusick JR, Armin B, Swerdloff R, Vespa P, Muizelaar JP, Cryer HG, Christenson PD, Kelly DF. Acute secondary adrenal insufficiency after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct; 33(10):2358-66. PMID: 16215393.
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    205. Nuwer MR, Hovda DA, Schrader LM, Vespa PM. Routine and quantitative EEG in mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol. 2005 Sep; 116(9):2001-25. PMID: 16029958.
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    206. Strong AJ, Boutelle MG, Vespa PM, Bullock MR, Bhatia R, Hashemi P. Treatment of critical care patients with substantial acute ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2005 Sep; 33(9):2147-9; author reply 2149. PMID: 16148510.
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    207. Vespa P. Robotic telepresence in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2005 Aug; 9(4):319-20. PMID: 16137369.
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    208. Miller CM, Vespa P. Intensive care of the acute stroke patient. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Jun; 8(2):92-102. PMID: 16194757.
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    209. Vespa P, Bergsneider M, Hattori N, Wu HM, Huang SC, Martin NA, Glenn TC, McArthur DL, Hovda DA. Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005 Jun; 25(6):763-74. PMID: 15716852.
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    210. Vespa P. Continuous EEG monitoring for the detection of seizures in traumatic brain injury, infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage: "to detect and protect". J Clin Neurophysiol. 2005 Apr; 22(2):99-106. PMID: 15805809.
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    211. Vespa PM. Multimodality monitoring and telemonitoring in neurocritical care: from microdialysis to robotic telepresence. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005 Apr; 11(2):133-8. PMID: 15758593.
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    212. Hu X, Nenov V, Vespa P, Bergsneider M. Estimation of hidden state variables of the intracranial system using constrained nonlinear Kalman filters. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005; 6:5631-4. PMID: 17281533.
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    213. Hillered L, Vespa PM, Hovda DA. Translational neurochemical research in acute human brain injury: the current status and potential future for cerebral microdialysis. J Neurotrauma. 2005 Jan; 22(1):3-41. PMID: 15665601.
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    214. Vespa P, McArthur D, Miller C, O'Phelan K, Frazee J, Kidwell C, Saver J, Starkman S, Martin N. Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of deep intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with reduction of hemorrhage volume and neurological improvement. Neurocrit Care. 2005; 2(3):274-81. PMID: 16159075.
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    215. Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Subcortical white matter metabolic changes remote from focal hemorrhagic lesions suggest diffuse injury after human traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery. 2004 Dec; 55(6):1306-15; discussio 1316-7. PMID: 15574212.
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    216. Vespa PM. Perfusing the brain after traumatic brain injury: what clinical index should we follow? Crit Care Med. 2004 Jul; 32(7):1621-3. PMID: 15241121.
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    217. Hattori N, Bergsneider M, Wu HM, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Huang SC. Accuracy of a method using short inhalation of (15)O-O(2) for measuring cerebral oxygen extraction fraction with PET in healthy humans. J Nucl Med. 2004 May; 45(5):765-70. PMID: 15136624.
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    218. Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Liao W, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Acute changes in regional cerebral (18)F-FDG kinetics in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med. 2004 May; 45(5):775-83. PMID: 15136626.
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    219. Vespa P, McArthur DL, Alger J, O'Phelan K, Hattori N, Wu C, Glenn T, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Regional heterogeneity of post-traumatic brain metabolism as studied by microdialysis, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Brain Pathol. 2004 Apr; 14(2):210-4. PMID: 15193034.
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    220. Vespa PM. The golden day after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2004 Mar; 32(3):902-4. PMID: 15090993.
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    221. Wu HM, Huang SC, Hattori N, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, Yu CL, Hovda DA, Phelps ME, Bergsneider M. Selective metabolic reduction in gray matter acutely following human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2004 Feb; 21(2):149-61. PMID: 15000756.
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    222. Ostrem JL, Saver JL, Alger JR, Starkman S, Leary MC, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Gobin YP, Vinuela F, Kidwell CS. Acute basilar artery occlusion: diffusion-perfusion MRI characterization of tissue salvage in patients receiving intra-arterial stroke therapies. Stroke. 2004 Feb; 35(2):e30-4. PMID: 14739412.
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    223. Vespa PM, Bleck TP. Neurogenic pulmonary edema and other mechanisms of impaired oxygenation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2004; 1(2):157-70. PMID: 16174911.
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    224. Vespa P. What is the optimal threshold for cerebral perfusion pressure following traumatic brain injury? Neurosurg Focus. 2003 Dec 15; 15(6):E4. PMID: 15305840.
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    225. Hattori N, Huang SC, Wu HM, Yeh E, Glenn TC, Vespa PM, McArthur D, Phelps ME, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M. Correlation of regional metabolic rates of glucose with glasgow coma scale after traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med. 2003 Nov; 44(11):1709-16. PMID: 14602850.
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    226. Leary MC, Kidwell CS, Villablanca JP, Starkman S, Jahan R, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP, Sykes S, Gough KJ, Ferguson K, Llanes JN, Masamed R, Tremwel M, Ovbiagele B, Vespa PM, Vinuela F, Saver JL. Validation of computed tomographic middle cerebral artery "dot"sign: an angiographic correlation study. Stroke. 2003 Nov; 34(11):2636-40. PMID: 14593125.
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    227. Glenn TC, Kelly DF, Boscardin WJ, McArthur DL, Vespa P, Oertel M, Hovda DA, Bergsneider M, Hillered L, Martin NA. Energy dysfunction as a predictor of outcome after moderate or severe head injury: indices of oxygen, glucose, and lactate metabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Oct; 23(10):1239-50. PMID: 14526234.
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    228. Parodi S, Lechner A, Osih R, Vespa P, Pegues D. Nosocomial enterobacter meningitis: risk factors, management, and treatment outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Jul 15; 37(2):159-66. PMID: 12856206.
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    229. Vespa PM, McArthur D, O'Phelan K, Glenn T, Etchepare M, Kelly D, Bergsneider M, Martin NA, Hovda DA. Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Jul; 23(7):865-77. PMID: 12843790.
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    230. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, Mirabelli J, Starkman S, Kidwell C, Saver J, Nuwer MR, Frazee JG, McArthur DA, Martin NA. Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology. 2003 May 13; 60(9):1441-6. PMID: 12743228.
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    231. Shih LC, Saver JL, Alger JR, Starkman S, Leary MC, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Villablanca JP, Vespa PM, Kidwell CS. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging thresholds identifying core, irreversibly infarcted tissue. Stroke. 2003 Jun; 34(6):1425-30. PMID: 12738899.
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    232. Zanier ER, Lee SM, Vespa PM, Giza CC, Hovda DA. Increased hippocampal CA3 vulnerability to low-level kainic acid following lateral fluid percussion injury. J Neurotrauma. 2003 May; 20(5):409-20. PMID: 12803974.
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    233. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Starkman S, Duckwiler G, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Gobin YP, Vinuela F, Alger JR. Late secondary ischemic injury in patients receiving intraarterial thrombolysis. Ann Neurol. 2002 Dec; 52(6):698-703. PMID: 12447922.
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    234. Oertel M, Kelly DF, Lee JH, McArthur DL, Glenn TC, Vespa P, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, Martin NA. Efficacy of hyperventilation, blood pressure elevation, and metabolic suppression therapy in controlling intracranial pressure after head injury. J Neurosurg. 2002 Nov; 97(5):1045-53. PMID: 12450025.
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    235. Vespa PM, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, McArthur DL, Nuwer MR, Martin NA, Nenov V, Glenn TC, Bergsneider M, Kelly DF, Becker DP. Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2002 Jul; 97(1):84-92. PMID: 12134937.
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    236. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Carneado J, Sayre J, Starkman S, Duckwiler G, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Villablanca JP, Liebeskind DS, Vinuela F. Predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intra-arterial thrombolysis. Stroke. 2002 Mar; 33(3):717-24. PMID: 11872894.
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    237. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, Leary MC, Starkman S, Gobin YP, Jahan R, Vespa P, Liebeskind DS, Alger JR, Vinuela F. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke. 2002 Jan; 33(1):95-8. PMID: 11779895.
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